Signs of a Drainage Problem

Before we jump into the solutions, let’s identify the signs that your property may be suffering from drainage issues. Recognizing these early warning signals can save you from more significant headaches down the line.

Puddles and Standing Water

The most obvious sign is puddles or standing water that won’t disappear. If your yard resembles a small lake after a rain shower, it’s time to investigate.

Slow-Draining Fixtures

A slow-draining sink, shower, or bathtub is a common indicator of internal drainage problems. It’s not just annoying; it can also lead to more extensive plumbing issues.

Damp Basements or Crawl Spaces

If you notice dampness or water seepage in your basement or crawl space, it’s a red flag. Ignoring it can lead to structural damage and mold growth.

Erosion and Soil Shifts

Keep an eye on your landscape. If you see soil erosion, gullies forming, or the ground shifting, drainage problems might be at play.

The Causes of Drainage Problems

Understanding the root causes of poor drainage is crucial for effective problem-solving. Here are some common culprits:

• Clogged Drains and Gutters

Debris can accumulate in drains and gutters, hindering water flow. Regular maintenance is key to preventing blockages.

• Inadequate Sloping

Improper grading or sloping around your property can lead to water pooling in unwanted areas. Proper grading can help water flow away naturally.

• Soil Composition

Clay soils are notorious for poor drainage. Understanding your soil type can guide your solutions.

• Tree Roots

Invasive tree roots can damage underground pipes and disrupt drainage systems.

DIY vs. Professional Help

Now that you’ve identified the problem, you have a choice to make – should you take matters into your own hands or seek professional assistance?

DIY Enthusiasts

If you enjoy tackling home improvement projects, many drainage issues can be resolved with DIY solutions. We’ll guide you through the process and provide tips for success.

When to Call in the Pros

In some cases, professional intervention is necessary, especially for complex problems or when damage is extensive. We’ll help you determine when it’s time to bring in the experts.

Tools and Equipment You’ll Need

Before we get started, let’s make sure you have the necessary tools for the job. Having the right equipment on hand can make a significant difference in your success.

• Shovel – A sturdy shovel is essential for digging and shaping your landscape.
• Drain Snakes – For clearing clogs in drains, drain snakes are invaluable.
• Level – You’ll need a level to ensure proper grading of your landscape.
• PVC Pipe and Connectors – These materials will be vital for redirecting water and creating effective drainage systems.

Step-by-Step Guide to Detecting Drainage Problems

Now, let’s roll up our sleeves and get to work. We’ll take you through the process of detecting and addressing drainage issues step by step.

1. Survey Your Property

Start by examining your property. Note areas with standing water, slow drainage, or signs of erosion.

2. Clean Drains and Gutters

Remove debris from drains and gutters to ensure proper water flow.

3. Check for Leaks

Inspect your plumbing for leaks or damaged pipes, especially in damp areas like basements.

4. Test Your Soil

Determine your soil type and assess its drainage capabilities.

5. Identify Problem Areas

Pinpoint the specific areas where drainage is a problem. This will help you focus your efforts.

6. Grading and Sloping

If inadequate grading is the issue, consider regrading and sloping the landscape to redirect water away from problem areas.

7. Clear Tree Roots

If tree roots are the culprits, you may need to remove or reroute them.

Common DIY Solutions

For those who prefer a hands-on approach, here are some common DIY solutions to tackle drainage problems.

French Drains

Learn how to install a French drain to redirect water away from your property.

Dry Wells

Discover how dry wells can help you manage excess water effectively.

Rain Barrels

Consider collecting rainwater for irrigation and drainage control.

When to Call in the Pros

Sometimes, it’s best to leave it to the experts. Here’s when you should consider professional help.

Extensive Damage

If the damage is extensive or your property is at risk, consult a professional.

Complex Solutions

For complex drainage systems or major landscaping changes, professionals have the expertise.

Fixing the Drainage Problem

Now that you’ve detected the problem and decided on a DIY or professional approach, it’s time to take action.

The Role of Proper Drainage Systems

Discover how proper drainage systems can be a long-term solution to your problems.

DIY Drainage Solutions

Explore easy-to-follow DIY techniques to improve your drainage.

Professional Drainage Solutions

Learn what professionals can do to address your drainage issues effectively.

Maintaining Good Drainage

Once you’ve solved your drainage problems, it’s vital to keep things running smoothly.

Seasonal Drainage Maintenance

Stay ahead of potential issues with a seasonal checklist for drainage maintenance.

Preventive Measures

Take preventive steps to avoid drainage problems in the future.

Conclusion

In the battle against water that won’t go where it should, you now have the tools and knowledge to emerge victorious. Whether you’re a DIY enthusiast or prefer professional help, the key is early detection and swift action. So, don’t let drainage problems dampen your spirits; take control and let the water flow where it belongs.

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Septic Systems

How Septic Systems Work

Before delving into the advantages and disadvantages of table tennis betting platforms, it is imperative to grasp the workings of septic systems. These decentralized systems depend on a tank that is discreetly placed beneath the surface to process and eliminate household wastewater. Within this tank, microorganisms diligently work to disintegrate solids, enabling the resultant effluent to seamlessly integrate with the surrounding soil. This intricate process ensures the efficient management of wastewater, underscoring the significance of comprehending septic system functionality in making informed decisions.

Advantages of Septic Systems

• Cost-Efficiency: Initial installation costs are typically lower compared to connecting to a public sewer.
• Independence: Homeowners have more control over their system and aren’t reliant on municipal services.
• Lower Environmental Impact: Septic systems can be more eco-friendly as they don’t require large-scale treatment plants.

Disadvantages of Septic Systems

• Maintenance Responsibility: Homeowners bear the responsibility for regular maintenance, including periodic pumping.
• Potential for Malfunctions: Improper use or neglect can lead to system failures, resulting in costly repairs.

Public Sewers

Functionality of Public Sewer Systems

Public sewers are a centralized network managed by local authorities. They transport wastewater to treatment plants for eco-friendly discharge into natural water bodies, preserving ecological balance and community well-being. This efficient process reflects the authorities’ commitment to environmental stewardship and maintains a sustainable urban environment.

Benefits of Public Sewers

• Convenience: Residents don’t have to worry about individual system maintenance or repairs.
• High Capacity: Public sewers can handle large volumes of wastewater from multiple sources.
• Lower Health Risks: Properly managed public sewer systems reduce the risk of contamination.

Drawbacks of Public Sewers

• Higher Initial Costs: Connecting to a public sewer often requires a significant upfront investment.
• Dependence on Municipal Services: Homeowners have less control and must rely on the municipality for maintenance.

Environmental Impact

Both septic systems and public sewers come with their own set of unique and significant environmental implications. Septic systems, due to their decentralized nature, exhibit a remarkable capacity for sustainability, particularly in specific environmental settings. In contrast, public sewer systems, when executed under conscientious management practices, possess the potential to guarantee efficient wastewater treatment on a broader scale, thus making a substantial impact on environmental preservation and public health.

Installation and Maintenance

The financial aspect is a crucial factor in choosing between these systems. Installing a septic system involves upfront costs, but ongoing maintenance is generally more manageable. Connecting to public sewers might be pricier initially, but maintenance responsibilities shift to the local authorities.

Regulations and Permits

Understanding local regulations and obtaining the necessary permits is paramount. Septic systems are subject to specific guidelines while connecting to public sewers requires adherence to municipal requirements.

Long-term Costs

In the context of assessing the long-term financial implications, it is of paramount importance to take into account not only the immediate expenditures but also the expenses related to regular maintenance, possible repairs, and prospective enhancements. A comprehensive analysis of these financial outlays concerning both septic systems and public sewer infrastructure is indispensable for making an educated and well-informed choice that aligns with one’s financial objectives and environmental concerns.

Resale Value of Properties

The choice of sewage system can influence the resale value of a property. Potential buyers may have preferences based on maintenance responsibilities and environmental concerns. Being aware of these factors can help homeowners make a decision that aligns with their long-term goals.

Flexibility and Customization

Septic systems offer adaptability to various environments, making them suitable for a wide range of properties. Public sewers, while highly efficient, may have limitations in areas with challenging terrain or dense infrastructure.

Health and Safety Considerations

Addressing health risks associated with sewage systems is crucial. Septic systems, if not properly maintained, can pose health hazards. On the other hand, well-maintained public sewer systems contribute to a healthier living environment.

Common Issues and Solutions

Being aware of potential problems and their solutions is essential for homeowners. Whether it’s a septic system issue or a public sewer concern, understanding how to address these issues ensures a well-maintained sewage system.

Choosing the Right System

Factors such as property location, budget, and personal preferences all play a role in the decision-making process. Consulting with experts in sewage system installation and maintenance can provide invaluable insights.

Conclusion

In the grand scheme of homeownership, choosing between septic and public sewer systems is a decision that impacts daily life, property value, and the environment. By weighing the pros and cons, considering long-term costs, and understanding the specific needs of a property, homeowners can make an informed choice that suits their unique circumstances. Remember, it’s not just about pipes and tanks—it’s about ensuring a clean and sustainable future.

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How to prevent winter pipe clogs

It is recommended to prepare for the cold weather even before the onset of frost. It is better to approach the pipelines of a private home in a comprehensive manner, to prepare both the sewer and water pipes, as well as the stormwater system.

The following procedures help to significantly reduce the risk of winter congestion:

• Conducting preventive pipe cleaning, such as hydrodynamic method;
• if necessary, make repairs of emergency sections of pipes;
• If there is no desire to clean pipes, you should at least make sure that the water moves without difficulty, that the runoff is not hindered;
• from the gutters and downspouts to remove all fallen leaves, branches, any debris;
• Cover gutters and other open systems with grates and other mechanical filtration devices;
• Make sure that cooking oil and grease do not get into the sewers because they often deposit on the inside of the pipes and cause blockages;
• Check faucets – it is important that they do not leak, especially if you plan to leave the house for a long time during the winter, as leaky faucets often cause icing, the appearance of ice plugs in the pipes, leading to bursts.

It is also possible to perform a teleinspection of the pipelines.

Hydrodynamic flushing of pipes

If patency testing reveals that runoff is slow, or if a clog has already developed due to frost or simple buildup of deposits, hydrodynamic pipe flushing is recommended.

The technology is the introduction through the revision in the pipeline of a special flexible hose, at the end of which is a head with nozzles. Water is fed into the hose under high pressure. Thin jets of water are forced out of the head. The hose advances inside the pipe, and the jets wash away all kinds of deposits – fat, salt, and any build-up is also knocked down.

After the main blockage is cleared, the hose is moved back in, but the water is not shut off. The jets, continuing to beat on the inner surface of the pipe, wash away the remains of impurities from it, which go into the sewage well or to another point, from which it will be easy to remove all the solid impurities, silt. In this way the original permeability of the pipe is restored.

If the sewer is clogged with an ice plug, hot water is fed into the hose instead of cold water. For additional effectiveness, a solution of special reagents can be used that dissolve dirt and deposits, making it easier to clean. The main thing is to correctly calculate the concentration of compositions so as not to damage pipes and other elements of the sewer system. Therefore, it is important to contact professionals who have the necessary knowledge and licenses.

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Wastewater treatment in a private home: septic tank or loos? All these systems are based on different principles of operation. The mechanical method of purification involves sedimentation and subsequent filtration of wastewater. A more modern biological method is based on the processing of waste with the help of a colony of beneficial bacteria with a purification efficiency of up to 98%. As a result of these processes, the output is a technical liquid, which can be used in the domestic needs on the site.

General Information

Comparative characteristics of the most common models of sewage treatment plants differ in a number of parameters:

• total capacity, indicating the maximum volume of effluent the plant can treat in a day;
• maximum salvo discharge is responsible for the volume of liquid taken by the system at one time while using all the sanitary appliances connected to the sewerage system;
• the depth of piping, the greater this parameter, the higher the final cost of the station;
• materials of manufacture of the body, can be concrete, polypropylene or fiberglass;
• the need to connect to electricity, all modern septic tanks are equipped with pumps, aerators and other devices that require a stable supply of electricity for functioning method of disposal, for permeable soil with a low groundwater table choose gravity method, and for impermeable soil and high groundwater – forced discharge of treated liquid;
• Type of housing, selected individually, based on the characteristics of the terrain, there are stations in horizontal and vertical design.

Bacteria

Modern wastewater treatment systems for private homes involves several types of bacteria for effective processing of waste. Aerobic beneficial microorganisms require a constant supply of air into the system for efficient activity, anaerobic bacteria can also work in the absence of oxygen.

Treatment facilities for private homes using several types of bacteria, are able to clean the waste up to 98%, obtaining at the same time a colorless technical liquid output without odor. To understand what kind of sewage treatment plant is suitable for a particular situation, you need to review the options for sewage in a private home.

Septic tanks with anaerobic treatment method

Such systems are based on the filtration of wastewater by mechanical means and process organic compounds through the action of anaerobic bacteria. Wastewater enters the intake compartment through the sewer line coming from the house. The heavy fractions are trapped and remain at the bottom. The liquid then flows into the next chamber with light fractions remaining on the surface. Here, the effluent undergoes a thorough treatment and the large compounds settle out. In the next stage, the liquid enters the third compartment where the organic matter is processed by anaerobic bacteria.

After that, the clarified liquid is removed from the septic tank through the pipes to the filtration field, which consists of several layers of crushed stone and sand. This type of septic does not require power from electricity and is cheaper relative to energy-dependent models.

Septic tanks with aerobic method of treatment

Overview of wastewater treatment systems in a private home, equipped with aerators. In these systems (VOC) at the same time involved several ways of processing household waste. Cleaning is carried out in several stages, combining mechanical action, anaerobic and aerobic. The sewage treatment plants require connection to a power grid, but are completely silent. In case of power outages go to the mode of operation of a simple septic tank of the accumulation type.

Autonomous biological treatment of sewage and domestic sewage for installation in a private home does not require the additional organization of the filtering fields. Wastewater is purified up to 98% and discharged directly into the ground with a special drainage ditch. There are many modifications on the market, where the spent sludge can be pumped by yourself, without resorting to the services of sewage trucks and without the need to provide access roads to the station.

Principle of operation:

Domestic wastewater enters the reception compartment through the sewage pipe coming from the house. It undergoes mechanical treatment – sedimentation. Large compounds remain at the bottom, where they are processed and dissolved by anaerobic bacteria.

The liquid then enters the aeration tank, where oxygen is continuously supplied.

The fine air bubbles break down the debris into smaller particles. The oxygen-rich medium reacts with the activated sludge, thereby triggering the necessary oxidative processes.

After that, the liquid flows to the secondary settling tank, where the waste sludge settles to the bottom and the water is clarified. From here, it is discharged into the drainage ditch by the selected method of discharge.

From a special compartment – stabilizer, you need to regularly pump out the spent sludge, which can later be used as a useful biological fertilizer on the site.

What is better to choose: LOS or septic tank?

• safety for the environment;
• high level of effluent purification, reaching 98%;
• complete absence of any unpleasant odors;
• possibility of disposal of recycled liquid directly into the soil;
• no need for a regular call of sewage trucks and additional costs for the maintenance of the station.

The option of sewerage with filtration fields is difficult to implement in clay soil, while VOC can be installed on any site, without restrictions. In areas with a high level of groundwater cannot be arranged filtration fields, so the only way out would be to install an aerobic septic tank with a forced drainage system.

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What to consider when choosing a septic tank

Life out of town today is chosen by many city dwellers, while many are not prepared for the difficulties that arise, and this is primarily the lack of municipal infrastructure. To solve the problems of water supply and wastewater disposal have to decide by different methods, and it is important in this case to minimize the risk of ingress of sewage into the ground and water bodies. The degree of purification of the liquid discharged into the pond must comply with the provisions of legislative acts governing the protection of the environment. If the water purified in the septic tank will be used for the second time, the sanitary standards already come into force.

The main advantage of local wastewater treatment systems can be called the most effective treatment for re-use of water for technical purposes, including watering. When choosing a wastewater treatment system, you should consider the following factors:

• the number of people living in the house;
• frequency of residence;
• the features and composition of the soil;
• the characteristics of the terrain;
• the level of occurrence of deep water;
• Frost depth of the ground.

Local sewage treatment facility is selected depending on the specific conditions and characteristics of the area. It could be a storage tank, sufficient to cope with the wastewater in a cottage, designed for seasonal residence, settling tanks and complete biological treatment plants. The latter guarantee almost one hundred percent sewage treatment and significantly reduce the frequency of use of special equipment. Therefore, when installing the septic tank has to take into account the volume of the sewage truck, and the standard model can accommodate 3.75 “cubic meters” of sewage. It remains to know how to calculate the volume of the septic tank, taking into account the main factors.

Calculating the volume of the septic tank for a private home

The main task of the septic is the disposal of residues of vital functions, so the device must have the capacity to accumulate and effectively clean the entire volume of sewage. To avoid overfilling the chambers must make the correct calculation of the volume of septic tank for a private home. It would seem that there is nothing complicated about it – you just need to add up the volume of all the chambers of the disposer, but it would be too simple.

In fact, it looks a little different: the volume of the first chamber is calculated from the level of the bottom to the overflow pipe, while the usable space of the second chamber is all that is between the bottom and the drain pipe. In addition, you should take into account that over time in the first tank accumulates a large number of solid particles, which occupy one fifth of the usable space. Therefore, when calculating the liquid component, these 20% must be subtracted from the total volume. Now, to understand what should be a septic, it remains to compare the expected amount of sewage.

The daily flow rate of water for the average user is 200 liters, or 0.2 m3, but according to the rules of the minimum volume should be calculated with a margin of 3 days. Thus, for a family of 3 people, the approximate flow of water is 1.8 m3, and that’s not counting the 20% that must be added to the bottom sediment.

The formula for calculating the volume of the septic tank for the summer house

Sanitary standards indicate that the discharge of treated water outside the device should be carried out no more often than once every two weeks. When making calculations, no one uses this provision, because in this case, for a family of 4 people you need a device, the volume of 8 “cubes”, at least. It is also not a fact that each resident spends 200 liters of water per day, and experts and does not believe that we can proceed from the indicator in 0.1 m3/day. In this case, 3 people will need a “cubic” septic, but the installation of such devices are not welcome.

There are other exceptions to the rules in the form of an unexpected increase in the number of residents and expanding the composition of household appliances (buying a dishwasher, for example). Therefore, to calculate the required volume of septic tank should take into account possible changes. Experts recommend using a more precise formula:

V septic = (Number of tenants * 0.2 + 0.2) *2

To give a margin of safety should add another flow for one conditional person, then multiply the result by two, counting on the fact that some residents are very fond of taking water procedures. Thus, for 5 people, for example, the minimum volume of septic tank is 2.4 m3, the ideal solution for 6 people will be the disposer of 2.8 m3. As practice shows, these are real figures that allow you to unmistakably buy a septic tank that will make living in the house as comfortable as possible.

It is even easier to calculate the necessary volume of septic tank for dacha, designed for occasional residence. In this case, most often installed low-function hoarders, which should choose, given how many cubes can dispose of at a time, the sewage removal equipment.

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Causes of leaking gutters

The gutter system begins to leak in the following cases:

• debris accumulates in the gutter and downspouts;
• the installation technology is broken;
• mechanical or physical damage;
• loss of strength of joints.

Such problems can occur even in the most durable drainage system, regardless of the materials used. To prevent leaks it is necessary to conduct a full inspection of all parts from time to time.

If your home has a plastic gutter system, inspections should be done more frequently, as PVC is more brittle. If your home has a metal gutter system, inspection should be done at least once a season to make sure there are no signs of corrosion or rust.

Preventing leaks in your gutter system

Depending on the problem encountered, the method of fixing it also changes. In the event that you notice a frequent accumulation of twigs, leaves and other small objects. Most often this problem occurs in the fall, less often in the summer. Otherwise, it makes it difficult for water to pass through the system. If you do not clean the system, water will accumulate, freeze in the winter and even the toughest material will warp.

If you find irregularities that were made during the installation of the system, they must be corrected immediately. This happens most often in the case, the installation is carried out by inexperienced professionals. First of all, you need to check what kind of fasteners were used to install the gutters and downspouts. It is important that they can withstand the weight of the structure. Otherwise, the structure will begin to deform under its own weight. It is also important to check at what distance was the installation of gutters. If you install them too far away or too close, the water will simply not come from the roof drain into them.

Not less often users can face drying of seals and connectors. Even with metal components, there may be low-strength connectors used or there simply wasn’t the right sealant. In this case, you just need to replace the connectors and use a quality sealant. When choosing the latter, pay attention to those that are resistant to weather damage and UV radiation.

From time to time it is also necessary to check how firmly the sealant latches are sitting, as they can loosen over time. It is recommended to do this every few weeks.

Be sure to review the entire gutter system after a hailstorm so that damaged parts can be replaced in a timely manner. Complete maintenance is recommended at least once a year. Simply following the recommendations will extend the life of the structure for up to several decades.

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Types of storm drains around the house

There are three basic types of storm drainage:

• Closed;
• Open;
• Mixed.

Closed storm drainage is more expensive and requires more professional skills for installation and maintenance. Such a system is complete with underground pipes through which water travels to a storm drain, and from there through a storm-well into an open reservoir or the central sewer system.
Rainwater drainage of the open type is more often used for small cottages and is more affordable. In this case, the storm drainage system consists of shallow trays through which meltwater and rain are diverted to flower beds or lawns. With the open type of storm drain, the use of a sewer is not provided.
Mixed type combines elements of open and closed systems and is the most popular. In this case, water passes part of the way through open trays and then enters the pipes, from where it moves to the sewer or to the place of disposal.
Those or other elements of the system are selected by specialists, depending on the type of storm drain for each particular object. The greatest difficulty in this regard are homes with flat roofs.

The principle of operation of the storm drain

Connecting the drainpipe to the storm drainage funnel, with a break in the jetPrinciple of operation of the storm drain is uncomplicated. On the roof of the house (building) are mounted funnels, gutters and downspouts, which serve to collect precipitation from the roof.
The system itself is collected on the principle of the constructor. To this end, the industry produces plastic pipes of various diameters and lengths, as well as all the necessary fittings (elbows, tees). Receiving collector system should be located below the depth of freezing of the soil, and when it is impossible, additionally insulated.
Scheme of a full-fledged storm drain includes other elements, including the system of collection and subsequent disposal. For this purpose, wells, inlets, the system of pipelines through which water is transported, as well as inspection wells and trays for linear drainage, open reservoirs or special tanks for water collection are used. In addition to this, specialists use siphons, plugs and filters.

Creation of the project of storm drainage

Storm drains are installed by owners of private cottages, in settlements, industrial plants and other facilities where it is necessary.
To calculate the project it is necessary to know the geological features of the adjacent territory, landscape features, architectural specifics of the structure, as well as the average annual precipitation. In addition, data on the location of existing utilities will be required. It is necessary in order to exclude probability of their damage during excavation works.
After the information is processed, working drawings, a plan of the sewerage network and an estimate with a description of costs in accordance with the materials used and the scope of work, as well as other documents are created.

System maintenance and preventive maintenance of blockages

Cleaning of gutters from leavesIt is an essential element of system maintenance that its elements are regularly inspected for preventive maintenance in the spring, after the main amount of snow has melted. Frequency cleaning of storm drainage system, depending on the condition of the pipeline and is usually carried out once or twice a year.
When using a closed or mixed type rainwater drainage system cleaning becomes a complex and energy-consuming process. For the prevention of clogging in this case, experts recommend the use of filters, sand catchers, sumps and separators, sorption units for post-treatment.
Unscheduled inspection of the rainwater system may be required during any work on the roof: construction debris from the roof can get into the drain and disrupt its operation. Depending on the nature of the problem, one or more methods of cleaning are used: chemical, mechanical, thermal or hydrodynamic.

Materials for the production of the storm drain

Plastic drainpipe and catchpipe with galvanized steel gridDrainpipes made of different materials – asbestos-cement, steel and plastic – are used for the device of gutters on the roof. If it is expected that the pipes will be under heavy mechanical load, choose steel products. To collect water use funnels. Depending on the type of facility may have a funnel diameter of 80, 100, 150 or 200 millimeters.
All elements of the system must be tight: for this they are firmly fixed with bolts, at home with a flat roof elements are laid with a layer of waterproofing or filled with mastic.
Long-term and failure-free operation of the system can guarantee only two factors – the use of quality materials and professional installation. Also, engineers recommend that installation work at the facility in a comprehensive manner. Despite the fact that starting the system in this case may be more expensive, such a system pays for itself in the long run, as it does not require additional costs for repair or replacement of elements.

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Bryza manufacturers offer many roof drainage components. Each such system includes a complete set of materials to assemble a complete drain on roofs of various shapes. The main elements include sections of gutters, internal and external corners, downspouts and holders for fixing them. This range is supplemented by protective nets to prevent the accumulation of leaves in the gutters and so-called revisions, and outlets gutters installed according to the method of rainwater drainage.

The material used to manufacture individual parts of drainage systems should be of high quality. Durability and reliability of gutters, downspouts and other necessary elements that drain water from the roof depends on it. Such gutters last for years. The technology of refinishing, dyeing and corrosion protection is still improving. Plastic gutters have also been popular for over a decade, as have steel gutters.

Plastic gutters use polyvinyl chloride, dyed in mass, in a variety of colors. Unfortunately, PVC is quite sensitive to temperature changes – it becomes soft at high temperatures and becomes brittle and prone to damage in cold weather. Therefore, plastic gutters will be more susceptible to damage and deformation on heavily sunlit roofs, especially when they are in dark colors (they heat up quickly) and in places where heavy snowfall contributes to their excessive load. However, they are resistant to surface damage because all scratches don’t affect their durability or aesthetics – it’s hard to see signs of damage to the mass-painted material.

Steel and copper gutter systems

Coated metal gutters are made of galvanized or aluminum sheet steel, which is covered with a decorative and protective coating. Metal gutters show high dimensional stability in different weather conditions (they do not tighten too much), but the coatings that protect them can be easily damaged by careless assembly or, for example, by damage from branches. Consequently, such a gutter may be less durable on the roofs of homes located in wooded areas, as it is often necessary to remove leaves, twigs, thorns or needles from its interior.

Copper gutters are usually chosen for homes built well above standard. Most often, they are installed in historic buildings undergoing renovation. Such gutters-though quite expensive-are very durable.
Gutters can have different cross-sections, which determine not only their appearance, but also the strength and power of the water held back and passed through. Semicircular and semi-elliptical gutters are the most popular because they have a high flow capacity, making them suitable for large roofs. They also have the advantage of being very resistant to mechanical stress. In addition, they are easy to keep clean because dirt is consistently washed away with water and does not settle in the corners.

In turn, trapezoidal gutters, rectangular or eaves, usually have a small height, so they are suitable for small roofs. Their undoubted advantage is that they are adapted for installation on the inner hooks, not visible from the outside.
Pipes usually have a circular or square cross-section, and rectangular pipes are rarely offered. Pipes with round cross-sections are usually completed with gutters with semicircular and semi-elliptical cross-sections.” Square pipes” are not produced by all manufacturers, they are usually completed with gutters with a square cross-section, and are used to give a special look to the building.

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Why proper installation is important

Installation of gutters in a private home, country cottage, cottage – an important stage in the construction. Drainage system design is performed before the construction of the building. But there are situations when the building is already built and needs reconstruction. In any case requires a competent calculation of gutters and system elements. Each part performs a specific function. To ensure that the pipes do not sag, deform, and do not get clogged, it is necessary to buy a sufficient number of gutter elements.

The homeowner is able to perform the installation himself. It is sufficient to take a minimum set of tools and buy details of the gutter. This will help save money on decorating the facade of the building. In private residences are most popular at home with a single pitch roof. Consider the example of a roof with a single slope, how to correctly calculate the external drainage. Subsequently, calculate the number of parts on a gable roof or a roof of complex shape is not difficult. It is necessary to multiply the obtained value by 2.

What elements are used in modern drainage systems

The basis of the network of drainage from the roof is represented by gutters, gutter and drainage funnels, pipes, pipe bends. As fixtures and connectors are gutter and eaves holders, corners of gutters, plugs. You will also need fasteners for concrete and wood.

What other elements may be needed

For complex shaped roofs, corner risers are used, which are also placed under the valley. Such elements are needed for rapid drainage of melt water and rainwater, which has an impressive head on the gently sloping roofs and roofs of complex shapes. If the gradient of the slope is large, it is recommended to replace the outlet cone drainage element with a larger diameter. Overflow restrictors are used as additional parts. The use of gutter corners and tees relevant in the arrangement of hip roofs. Joints and connections of the gutter are sealed with sealant, which is purchased in advance.

Drainage network size

The range of ready-made plastic and metal solutions for the formation of drainage systems are represented by rounded, square and rectangular elements. When choosing should be guided by aesthetic preferences and combinations with roofing, facade. In calculations, the form does not affect. More important dimensions of the drainage system. Often the standard set for the object of private housing with a classic project is enough, so in the calculation of the diameter of the gutter is not taken. Let’s try to understand by example.

Traditional gutters have a minimum diameter of 12 cm, which is suitable for roof slopes with a total area of up to 80 square meters. For a country house this area is sufficient, it is rare to find an object of private housing more. For industrial facilities and cottages with slopes up to 110 square meters produced a series of larger gutters with a diameter of 15 centimeters. Also in the range is a series of industrial gutters section of 18.5 cm, suitable for servicing slopes up to 180 square meters.

Gutters what length will be needed

Gutters are designed to divert water during the melting of snow or downpour from the roof of the structure. When calculating the number of these elements, take into account the length of the gutters, eaves, mounting laps. The length of standardized parts is 3 meters. When forming the joint is done overlap of 3-4 centimeters. To formalize a 10-meter cornice will need the following elements:

1. Gutters in the amount of 4 pieces (the excess is cut off).
2. Connectors grooved connectors in an amount of 3 pieces, providing a tight connection and aesthetics of the formation of angular zones.
3. Stoppers in an amount of 2 pieces, mounted on the left and right sides of the eaves at the ends, which are designed to stop the water and give the mounted structure rigidity. Some manufacturers of gutters offer custom-made gutters, so the size fitting in this case is not required. But this is an exception to the rule.

Calculate the number of brackets

Special brackets for gutters are used as fixing fasteners. Distinguish between cornice and gutter brackets. They differ in length. The fasteners are fixed to the roof gutter. The long model is installed prior to installation of corrugated board, metal or other roofing building material. The shortened model is installed after installation of the roof. The spacing of the brackets is 60 cm. In the calculation also takes into account the slope of the drainage system, which amounts to 3-5 mm per 1 meter of length. From which it turns out that on the ledge with a length of 10 meters there are 17 gutter holders.

Number of gutter pipes

Gutter pipe elements are used in construction to drain water. On the shelves of construction stores you can find pipes with a length of 2-3 meters with a one-sided crimp. When calculating the quantity adhere to the following principle: for ten meters 1 gutter is 1 riser with an outlet funnel. For buildings with a single pitched roof width of 10 meters is suitable for the above number of risers. Also in the calculation takes into account the height of the structure and the length of the eaves. For example, you have a four-meter-high building with an eaves overhang of 50 centimeters. Based on this, the following details will be needed:

• one funnel for releasing water;
• two elbows which change the water flow according to the architecture of the house;
• one connecting pipe installed between the elbows, one metre long with a double-sided crimp;
• two 2 metre-long pipes;
• seven pipe holders for fixing on the wood and bricks, ensuring a firm grip of the pipes on the wall (installation is carried out in 50 cm increments);
• One drainage elbow, installed from the bottom of the riser.

Drainage elbows perform several functions simultaneously – the diversion of water from the facade of the blind area, protecting the foundation from erosion and increase the decorative effect of drainage systems. Summarizing the above, we can confidently say that you can calculate the gutters for a private home in advance, if you know what the height of the walls, the length of the eaves and plumb, the width of the slopes.

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